AS Psychology http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/ This wiki is part of a pilot project to explore new ways of developing resources for GCE courses. We have started by adapting the contents of the Hartshill Press AS Psychology Resource Pack for AQA A. The wiki is available for anyone to read and use. en http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/feedlogo.gif PBwiki http://pbwiki.com/ PBwiki 1.3.8 support@pbwiki.com Aims and Objectives http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/Aims+and+Objectives email.hidden@example.com (Mike) Mike edited Aims and Objectives What this wiki is for
The Wiki project is testing new ways of developing and delivering learning materials for A level, using AS psychology. HartshillPress have made available on trial basis the content of their AS and A level Resource Packs. Selected collaborators from HE, FE and schools have been invited to join the project to develop the materials.
Discussion of how this fits in to the wider project, including proposals to attract funding, are to be found on the Resource-MakerWiki
]]> Tue, 04 Mar 2008 18:16:59 +0000 mod ProgressReport http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/ProgressReport email.hidden@example.com (Mike) Mike edited ProgressReport Despite improvments to PBwiki, including a (sort of) wysiwyg editor, we are still frustated by the limitations of existing wiki platforms. So no further work has taken place on this wiki. However, we should soon be able to move to a new platform specifically designed to support this kind of educational project. Details are at www.webframe.co.uk.
Mike Battye
Coming soon AQA B and OCR Specifications - Watch this space!
5 Feb
Thanks to Mike G for making improvements to the FrontPage and for starting to work in the wiki's visibility to search engines. Unfortunately, we have had to include some HTML code to improve the layout (basically that is stuff in < > brackets). Don't let this put you off trying to edit the wiki. For the most part you can ignore the html and the main psychology content pages have been kept fairly basic to make editing more simple. At the end of the day though, any 'mistakes' can be put right by someone - that's the beauty of wikis.
]]> Tue, 04 Mar 2008 18:16:20 +0000 mod DiscussionForum http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/DiscussionForum email.hidden@example.com (Mike) Mike edited DiscussionForum From Asim 16.05.06
It's important to keep in mind what is being attempted here and the nature
of this attempt.
Any reasonably substantial body of information is going to need to be
organised in some way and, indeed, there are almost always many ways it
could be done.
Combining this truth with the idea that the information is being collected Tue, 04 Mar 2008 18:12:08 +0000 mod ProgressReport http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/ProgressReport email.hidden@example.com (Mike B) Mike B edited ProgressReport Progress Report
1 Jan 2008
Sally Spencer has just produced an extremely helpful list of Psychology resources for AQA A Spec. This wiki was not included but I have asked her to do so. If you want to make suggestions for other resouces to be included then why not email her on sallyj.spencer@googlemail.com.
Mike
24 Sep 2007
Moving to new platform
]]> Thu, 03 Jan 2008 12:14:03 +0000 mod ProgressReport http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/ProgressReport email.hidden@example.com (Mike) Mike edited ProgressReport Progress Report
24 Sep 2007
Moving to new platform
Despite improvments to PBwiki, including a (sort of) wysiwyg editor, we are still frustated by the limitations of existing wiki platforms. So no further work has taken place on this wiki. However, we should soon be able to move to a new platform specifically designed to support this kind of educational project. Details are at www.webframe.co.uk.
Mike Battye
Coming soon AQA B and OCR Specifications - Watch this space!
5 Feb
in < > &lt; &gt; brackets). Don't let this put you off trying to edit the wiki. For the most part you can ignore the html and the main psychology content pages have been kept fairly basic to make editing more simple. At the end of the day though, any 'mistakes' can be put right by someone - that's the beauty of wikis.
1 Feb 2007
Since making the wiki public at the start of the year the number of people accessing the site has shown a steady growt]]> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 16:11:15 +0000 mod SourcesOfStress http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/SourcesOfStress no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike edited SourcesOfStress This is the most commonly reported source of work stress. People who feel that they have to work too long or too hard feel stressed and have poorer health. Breslow & Bell (1960) found that manual workers who did more than 48 hours per week had twice the death rate from CHD compared to those in similar jobs but who worked for less than 40 hours per week. In another study, but this time of university lecturers, those who felt most pressure had a higher level of uric acid in the blood (a sign of stress). In a study in Japan, people who have a working day in excess of 11 hours are more at risk from heart attacks than those with a more moderate workload (Sokejima & Kagamimori, 1998). The Japanese even have a special word for sudden heart attacks brought on by long working hours: ‘karoshi’.
When work pressure and overload are combined with responsibility for people, then stress levels may be greater.
Cobb (1976) & Rose (1973) Illness rates in air tra]]> Thu, 29 Mar 2007 14:45:49 +0000 mod ReferencesStress http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/ReferencesStress no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike edited ReferencesStress Cooper. C. L. & Marshall, J. (1976) Occupational sources of stress: A review of the literature relating to CHD and mental ill-health. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 49, 11-28.
Cobb, S. (1976) Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38, 300-314.
Cobb S, Rose RM. (1973) Hypertension, peptic ulcer, and diabetes in air traffic controllers. JAMA 1973; 224: 489–92
Cox, R. H. (1991) Intervention strategies. Stress and coping. A. Monet & R. S. Lazarus (eds.) New York: Columbia University Press.
Frankenhaeuser, M. (1975) Sympathetic adreno-medullary activity and the psychosocial environment. In P. H. Venables & M. J. Christie (eds.) Research in psychophysiology. New York: Willey
]]> Thu, 29 Mar 2007 14:44:45 +0000 mod KeyStudyWorkplaceStress http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/KeyStudyWorkplaceStress no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike edited KeyStudyWorkplaceStress The study sought to compare the experience of stress and illness rates in two groups of workers: air traffic controllers and second-class airmen at a US airbase. These groups were chosen because, although comparable in other respects, the air traffic controllers had responsibility for people’s safety, whereas the airmen did not.
Procedures
Thiswas a retrospective comparison based on a comparison of the medical records of 4,325 air traffic controllers with those of 8,435 other men involved in the aviation industry. Therecords were available because both groups of men were required to obtain yearly medical examinations from the same group ofdoctors physicians (Aeromedical Examiners) to maintain their licences in commercial or general aviation.
Findings
The study found thatcertain diseases were unduly frequent in air traffic controllers.The largest differences involved prevalence and incidence of CVD. The controllers were found tohave a 5.6 times greater incidence of newcases of high BP ]]> Thu, 29 Mar 2007 14:38:37 +0000 mod KeyStudyWorkplaceStress http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/KeyStudyWorkplaceStress no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike edited KeyStudyWorkplaceStress These findings strongly suggested that the increased rate of illness from these three diseases among controllers could ahve resulted from the more stressfull demands of the conntrollers jobs.
Evaluation
factor
in in the control group, from which 17% had been excluded earlier after diagnosis of hypertension, while only 3% had been excluded, after diagnosis of hypertension,
from from the air traffic controller group. However, difference in the incidence of hypertension was still very large even after accounting for this.
Back to Sources of Stress
Back to Summary of Key Studies
]]> Thu, 29 Mar 2007 14:37:47 +0000 mod KeyStudyWorkplaceStress http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/KeyStudyWorkplaceStress no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike edited KeyStudyWorkplaceStress Key Study
Cobb (1976) & Rose (1973) Illness rates in air traffic controllers
Aims
The study sought to compare the experience of stress and illness rates in two groups of workers: air traffic controllers and second-class airmen at a US airbase. These groups were chosen because, although comparable in other respects, the air traffic controllers had responsibility for people’s safety, whereas the airmen did not.
Procedures
Findings
The findings study found thatcertain diseases were unduly frequent in air traffic controllers.The largest differences involved prevalence and incidence of CVD. The controllers were that both groups found tohave a Thu, 29 Mar 2007 14:37:16 +0000 mod Marmot et al (1997) http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/Marmot+et+al+%281997%29 no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike edited Marmot et al (1997) Marmot et al (1977)
'Contribution of job control and other risk factors to social variation in health disease'
Aim
Procedures
Findings
Conclusions
Evaluation
Return to sources of stress
]]> Thu, 29 Mar 2007 14:19:29 +0000 mod Marmot et al (1997) http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/Marmot+et+al+%281997%29 no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike added Marmot et al (1997)

 Marmot et al (1977)


 


 


Return to sources of stress


]]> Thu, 29 Mar 2007 14:15:32 +0000 add SourcesOfStress http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/SourcesOfStress no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike edited SourcesOfStress Sources of Stress
stress. Two Two important potential sources are life events and the workplace. However, not all people respond to stress in the same way. So this section also looks at the ways that personality and gender can influence the stress response.
Life events as sources of stress
Holmes and Rahé’s work in the 1960s paved the way for considerable further research into the effects of life changes and critical life events, particularly in relation to health. Their 1967 study used the social readjustment scale to measure the frquency and severity of life events.
Workers who have little opportunity to interact with others have less job satisfaction and show higher levels of stress hormones (Cooper & Marshall, 1976). Supportive relationships at work generally help people cope with stress. In a study of local government workers there was a general trend that linked higher workloads with high blood pressure, but this was exacerbated in groups that did not have a su]]> Thu, 29 Mar 2007 14:12:55 +0000 mod KeyStudyWorkplaceStress http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/KeyStudyWorkplaceStress no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike edited KeyStudyWorkplaceStress]]> Thu, 29 Mar 2007 13:28:38 +0000 mod KeyStudyConrad http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/KeyStudyConrad no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike edited KeyStudyConrad]]> Mon, 12 Mar 2007 15:50:23 +0000 mod KeyStudyConrad http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/KeyStudyConrad no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike edited KeyStudyConrad The conclusion was that the letters had been encoded by sound even when presented visually. Thus, Conrad’s experiment is considered to be an effective demonstration of acoustic coding in STM.
Evaluation
code. However, However, Baddeley (1966) showed that coding was primarily acoustic. He compared memory for acoustically confusable words such as MAP and CAP with memory for semantically similar words (BIG, HUGE, WIDE etc.). Recall was much worse for the visual presentation of words that were similar acoustically.
Back to Short Term and Long Term Memory
Back to Summary of Key Studies
]]> Mon, 12 Mar 2007 15:50:04 +0000 mod STMandLTM http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/STMandLTM no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike edited STMandLTM Human Memory: Short term and long term memory
Introduction
a very crucial aspect of cognition. Indeed, when we ask precisely what ‘memory’ means it is impossible to define it independently from these other processes.
There is also a long history of scientific investigations into human memory, beginning with Ebbinghaus (1885), but the dominant view of memory has become the information processing approach. This suggests that memory can be best understood in terms of three essential stages of that involve the flow of information through memory: registration, storage and retrieval.
Research into the nature of memory
Mainly descriptive rather than explanatory. It doesn’t really explain why deeper processing leads to better recall. In other words, why should something that is deeply processed be stored more permanently in LTM?
It is difficult to obtain an independent measure of depth of processing. It is hard to decide whether a task involves deep or shallow processing. Craik &am]]> Mon, 12 Mar 2007 14:28:03 +0000 mod How to edit this Wiki http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/How+to+edit+this+Wiki no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike edited How to edit this Wiki Editing Pages
your work. As easy as peanut butter (how I hate that phrase!!!). work.
Point-and-click mode
This is the most straightforward editing mode for most purposes, unless you are already familiar with wiki text editors. The wordprocessor style interface is more-or-less WYSYWG and you can use the toolbars to format text (bold, italics, etc), headings (1,2 &3) and so on. Pictures can be inserted and resized fairly easily too.
]]> Fri, 09 Mar 2007 16:02:31 +0000 mod How to edit this Wiki http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/How+to+edit+this+Wiki no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike edited How to edit this Wiki This is the most straightforward editing mode for most purposes, unless you are already familiar with wiki text editors. The wordprocessor style interface is more-or-less WYSYWG and you can use the toolbars to format text (bold, italics, etc), headings (1,2 &3) and so on. Pictures can be inserted and resized fairly easily too.
If the edit window isn't already in Point-and-click mode then click on the top righthand corner of the edit screen (next to the PB sandwich!).
at: http://pbwiki.com/point-and-click/?wiki=as-psychology&page=How to edit this Wiki http://pbwiki.com/point-and-click
Editing in classicmode
This mode is best if you want to use HTML commands to add more formating to the page. But that won't be most people!
]]> Fri, 09 Mar 2007 16:01:36 +0000 mod How to edit this Wiki http://as-psychology.pbwiki.com/How+to+edit+this+Wiki no.email.given@example.com (Mike) Mike edited How to edit this Wiki This is the most straightforward editing mode for most purposes, unless you are already familiar with wiki text editors. The wordprocessor style interface is more-or-less WYSYWG and you can use the toolbars to format text (bold, italics, etc), headings (1,2 &3) and so on. Pictures can be inserted and resized fairly easily too.
If the edit window isn't already in Point-and-click mode then click on the top righthand corner of the edit screen (next to the PB sandwich!).
You can find full details of the new editor at: http://pbwiki.com/point-and-click/?wiki=as-psychology&page=How to edit this Wiki
Editing in classicmode
This mode is best if you want to use HTML commands to add more formating to the page. But that won't be most people!
]]> Fri, 09 Mar 2007 15:57:19 +0000 mod